On June 22, 1941, Germany launched the greatest land assault in history on the Soviet Union, an attack that Adolf Hitler deemed crucial to ensure German economic and political survival. As the key theater of the war for the Germans, the eastern front consumed enormous levels of resources and accounted for 75 percent of all German casualties. Despite the significance of this campaign to Germany and to the war as a whole, few English-language publications of the last thirty-five years have addressed these pivotal events.In Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East, Stephen G. Fritz bridges the gap in scholarship by incorporating historical research from the last several decades into an accessible, comprehensive, and coherent narrative. His analysis of the Russo-German War from a German perspective covers all aspects of the eastern front, demonstrating the interrelation of military events, economic policy, resource exploitation, and racial policy that first motivated the invasion. This in-depth account challenges accepted notions about World War II and promotes greater understanding of a topic that has been neglected by historians.[This book contain a table. Best viewed with CoolReader.]
Военная история18+Stephen G. Fritz
OSTKRIEG
Maps
Abbreviations and Foreign Terms
AFV — armored fighting vehicle
AK — Armeekorps (army corps)
BA — Bundesarchiv (German Federal Archives)
Bagration — Soviet offensive in Belorussia, June–July 1944
Barbarossa — 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union
Berghof — Hitler’s Bavarian retreat (Obersalzberg)
Blau — Blue, 1942 summer offensive in the Soviet Union
blitzkrieg — lightning war
commissar — political officer attached to Red Army units
Commissar Order — “Guidelines for the Treatment of Political Commissars”; order of 6 June 1941 to shoot Red Army political officers
Edelweiss — advance into the Caucasus, July–November 1942
Einsatzgruppe — mobile killing squad
Einsatzkommando — subunit of an Einsatzgruppe
Fredericus — operation against the Izyum bulge, May 1942
Freikorps — German paramilitary groups
front — Soviet equivalent of an army group
Frühlingserwachen — Spring Awakening, German offensive toward Budapest, March 1945
Gauleiter — Nazi Party regional leader
Generalplan Ost — General Plan East
Gestapo — Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police)
Hiwi —
Kampfgruppe — battle group (usually formed of units seriously reduced in strength)
Kessel — pocket; cauldron
Kesselschlacht — a battle of encirclement
Landser — German infantryman
Lebensraum — living space
Luftflotte — German air fleet
Luftwaffe — German air force
Mars — Soviet offensive against the Rzhev salient (Ninth Army), fall/winter 1942
NSV — Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (National Socialist People’s Welfare Organization)
OKH — Oberkommando des Heeres (Army High Command)
OKW — Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Armed Forces High Command)
Ostfront — Eastern front
Ostheer — Eastern Army
Ostkrieg — Eastern war
Panther position — proposed German defensive position in the east
Panzerfaust — German one-shot anti-tank weapon
Pz III — German tank, from 1942 with 50 mm antitank gun
Pz IV — mainstay German tank with a long-barreled, high velocity 75 mm gun
Pz V — Panther tank (from 1943, with a long-barreled, high velocity 75 mm gun
Pz VI — Tiger tank (from 1942, with an 88 mm gun)
Reichsführer-SS — Himmler’s title
Reichsmarshall — Goering’s title
Ring — final Soviet offensive against Stalingrad, January 1943
Rollbahn — main highway in the Soviet Union
RSHA —
SA — Sturmabteilung (Storm Troopers)
Saturn — proposed Soviet offensive west of Stalingrad aimed at Rostov, November 1942 (“Little Saturn” actually executed)
Schwerpunkt — focal point of an attack
SD — Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, part of the RSHA)
Sonderkommando — smaller subunit of an Einsatzgruppe
SS — Schutzstaffel (elite Nazi troops)
Stavka — headquarters, Soviet Supreme Command
Stuka — Sturzkampfflugzeug (German dive bomber; JU-87)
T-34 — Soviet mainstay tank (76 mm, then after 1944 an 85 mm gun)
Taifun — Typhoon, drive on Moscow, October–December 1941
Trappenjagd — Bustard Hunt, operation on the Kerch Peninsula, May 1942
trek — German refugee column
Uranus — Soviet counteroffensive at Stalingrad, November 1942
Vernichtungskrieg — war of annihilation
Viking — Fifth SS Division
Volk — people, nation
Volksdeutsche — ethnic German
Volksgemeinschaft — national community, people’s community
Volkssturm — “People’s Storm” (German national militia)
Waffen-SS — armed or combat SS
Wehrkraftzersetzung — undermining of the war effort
Wehrmacht — German armed forces, often used to refer specifically to the army
Wintergewitter — Winter Storm, operation to relieve Stalingrad, December 1942
Wolfsschanze — Wolf’s Lair (Hitler’s headquarters at Rastenburg, East Prussia)
Preface