Mao: The Unknown Story

15 Secret report revealed: May 1932, Jiangxi Archive & CCP Jiangxi Committee, vol. 1, pp. 478–80; interview with a local Party historian, 4–5 Apr. 1996. Tens of thousands died: ibid. written source, p. 436. Purge in Fujian: Deng Zihui Biography Committee, pp. 112–13; “West Fujian Special Committee Circular no. 10,” in Nationalist Party Organization Department, p. 137; Gong Chu, pp. 247–8; Wen Yu, pp. 68–75; Kuo Chien, FBIS-CHI-91–016 (24 Jan. 1991), p. 31. Head of Red Fujian fled: Gong Chu, pp. 246–50.

16 “black and lightless”: 20 Dec. 1930; Hsiao Tso-liang, vol. 2, pp. 262–3; Jiangxi Party Committee, report to Shanghai, 12 Jan. 1931, RGASPI, cit. “So many old comrades”: Gong Chu, pp. 266–7. Purging Zhu’s staff: Chen, Xiao et al., p. 184. “Peng might be mixed up”: Gailis to GRU chief Berzin, 10 Feb. 1931 (VKP vol. 3, p. 1260). Zhu on panel: Fan Hao, p. 109. Never halted purge: report, May 1932, Jiangxi Archive & CCP Jiangxi Committee, vol. 1, pp. 477–80.

17 Few agreed with Mao strategy: Provincial Action Committee, Emergency Announcement no. 9, 15 Dec. 1930, RGASPI, cit.; Jiangxi Party Committee, report to Shanghai, 12 Jan. 1931, RGASPI, cit.; Fan Hao, pp. 40–1. “we saw no people”: WZX, no. 45, pp. 85–6. Chiang reflected: 12 Aug. 1931, Chiang, p. 376.

18 Russian assistance: Mirovitskaya 1975, pp. 47–52, 61–2; id. 1993, pp. 307–15; Vinarov, pp. 328, 373–6; Mader, pp. 94–6.

19 Sorge role in China: Vinarov, pp. 373–6; Mader, pp. 64–117, 233–4; Werner interview, 20 Nov. 1999; Werner, pp. 38ff. Zhang Wen-qiu: interview with her, 29 Oct. 1995; Zhang Wenqiu, pp. 231–8. Smedley confirmed as Comintern agent: VKP, vol. 4, p.585 (Comintern Protocol, 3 April 1934 records decision: “To send c[omrade] Agnes Smedley to China for the publication of [the magazine] China Forum.”).

20 Ambush, 30 Dec. 1930: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 329–30; Fan Hao, pp. 50–2. “Chop his head”: Chen, Xiao et al., pp. 94, 186–7; Huang Kecheng, p. 83. Mao asked for poison gas: 14 Oct. 1930 (MRTP vol. 3, p. 555). Radios: VKP vol. 3, pp. 1282 (Chou, 19 Feb. 1931: “big” radio sent to Mao); ibid., p. 1371 (Far Eastern Bureau, 28 Mar. 1931); ibid., p. 1466 (Rylsky, 10 June 1931); cf. Snow, H. 1979, pp. 251, 255; Chen, Xiao et al., pp. 189–92; Fan Hao, pp. 57–8.

21 –98 Verge of collapse: Reds’ report about the war, ZDJC vol. 15, pp. 44–5; Chen, Xiao et al., pp. 125–6. Domestic Stability First: 23 July 1931, Chiang, p. 372. “Non-resistance only feasible policy”: interview with the Young Marshal, 17 Feb. 1993. “This misfortune”: 20 Sept. 1931, Chiang, pp. 386–7. “suspend plan”: 21 Sept. 1931, ibid., p. 387.

22 CCP rejected United Front: CCP declaration, 30 Sept. 1930, ZZWX vol. 7, pp. 426–30. “defending the Soviet Union”: CCP declaration, 22 Sept. 1930, ibid., pp. 416–21. Red state size: Ma Qibin et al., pp. 448–9; Xia & Chen, pp. 235–6; Ma Juxian et al., p. 55.

23 CCP Organization Department, pp. 25, 89.

24 First person to use “Chairman Mao”: Fan Hao, pp. 98, 109.

CHAPTER 9 Mao and the First Red State

1 Sites of Red government: visit to Ruijin and conversations with locals, Apr. 1996.

2 Grand celebration: Chen, Xiao et al., pp. 457–8; Smedley 1934, p. 307. Moscow had considered Mao for head of military: Far Eastern Bureau to CCP, 10 Nov. 1930, in VKP vol. 3, pp. 1008–09; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 360.

3 Village committees: Mao 1983, pp. 297–300. Web of control: Mao 1983, pp. 300, 326.

4 –103 Hsu En-tseng, et al., pp. 171–4 (E: Hsu, U. T., pp. 70–1); DSYJ, 1980, no. 4, pp. 76–8; ZDY, 1989, no. 3, pp. 1–2; interview with an old underground worker, 3 Sept. 1998.