Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

motives of killers, 196

surge under Trump, putative, 219–20

upticks following Islamist terror attacks, 219

Hathaway, Oona, 163–4

Hawking, Stephen, 296, 308

Hayek, Friedrich, 5, 365

health, 62–7

cancer, 61, 146

dementia/Alzheimer’s, 59

and Flynn effect, 241–2

happiness of nations with good, 271

and life expectancy, 59

See also food and food security; infectious disease; life expectancy; mental health

health care

research on, vs. consumer product R&D, 333

social spending on, 109

Trump and, 109, 334

See also infectious disease; medicine

hedonic treadmill, theory of, 263

Hegel, Friedrich, 165

Heidegger, Martin, 39–40, 406, 446, 447

height, increases in, 242

Heilbroner, Robert, 456n1

Hellman, Lillian, 447

hepatitis B, 382

Herder, Johann, 30, 351

heredity and environment, 241–2

Herman, Arthur, 32, 33, 39–40, 166

Heyns, Christopher, 209

Hidalgo, Cesar, 455nn1,8, 456n11

Hillel, Rabbi, 233–4, 260

Hilleman, Maurice, 64

Hinduism, 23, 398

Hiroshima bombing, resilience and, 305

Hirschman, Albert, 457n29, 482n55

Hispanics, 239, 336

Historical Index of Human Development, 245–6, 246, 473n45, 483n42

Hitchens, Christopher, 430

Hitler, Adolf, 161, 314, 398, 430, 445

Hittites, 398

HIV/AIDS, 55, 66, 66, 67, 401

Hobbesian trap (security dilemma), 164, 173, 315

Hobbes, Thomas, 8–9, 22, 49, 173, 412, 414

Ho Chi Minh, 447

Hoffman, Peter, 61

Hofstadter, Richard, 486n36

Holan, Angie, 375–6

Holdren, John, 465n76

Hollander, Paul, 447

Holocaust, 161, 397, 399, 430

Holodomor (Ukraine famine), 78

homelessness, 116

homeostasis, 22

homicide, 168–76

hate crimes as correlated with, 219, 471n19

“justice” as motive for, 26

rates of, 43, 169–72, 170, 171, 467nn12–13

rule of law reducing, 43, 168–70

vs. terrorist deaths, 192–3, 192

vs. war deaths, 168, 192

See also hate crimes; rampage shootings; terrorism and terrorists; violent crime

homosexuality and homophobia, 214–15

Cubans sent to labor camps, 376–7, 484n79

decriminalization of, 223, 223, 417–18

Internet searches, study of, 217–19, 218

Muslim societies and, 223, 439

Nazi mass murder of homosexuals, 399

public opinion in the U.S., 216–17, 216

Honduras, 172

Hong Kong, 436, 457n8

Hoodbhoy, Pervez, 442

Horkheimer, Max, 396–7

horse-drawn era, road fatalities and, 178–9

Housel, Morgan, 49, 250

housework, 251–2, 252

Howard, Rhea, 140

Howells, William Dean, 260

HPV (human papillomavirus), 382

Hugo, Victor, 341

Human Development Index, 245–6, 246, 473n45, 483n42

human flourishing, 51, 245–6, 247–8, 264–8, 412–15

communism as failing to promote, 364

democracy as contributor to, 199–200, 470n4

in free markets with social spending and regulation, 365, 483n42

as morality for cosmopolitan world, 418, 419

progress, general factor, 245–6, 246, 473n45, 483n42

See also humanism; living standards; quality of life; well-being, subjective

humanism, 10–11, 410–53

animals and, 410

as maximizing human flourishing, 395, 410

opposition to, 30–32, 419–20

religions as clashing with, 30, 432–3

religions compatible with, 412, 418, 431–2, 441

See alsoHumanist Manifesto III; Humanist movement; religion; theism and theistic morality; Universal Declaration of Human Rights

humanistic environmentalism. See ecomodernism

Humanist Manifesto III (2003), 410–411

Humanist movement, 410–412, 487nn1–3

Humanitarian Revolution, 11, 43

humanities

digital humanities, 408

disdain for science not typical of, 389–90

downsizing of programs of, 405–6

Second Culture policing of, 408–9

unity of knowledge (consilience with science) and, 390, 406–9, 486n13

See also academia; pessimism: cultural; postmodernism; science, disdain for; scientism; university and college education

human nature, universal

Enlightenment thinkers and embrace of, 10

and humanism, 10–11

See also evolutionary psychology

HumanProgress (Web site), xviii, 52

human rights

vs. capital punishment, 210

democracies as better with, 207

education as, 234

historical trends, 207–8, 208

humanism and, 417

monitoring of violations of, 207

nationalism downplayed in favor of, 451

negative freedom and, 265

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 207, 209, 411–12, 418–19

Hume, David, 8–9, 10, 353, 392, 421

Humphrey, John, 419

Hungary, populism and, 201, 334, 341

hunger. See food and food security; poverty

hunter-gatherer peoples

child mortality in, 55

diet of, 23

and egalitarianism vs. inequality, 102–3

life expectancy of, 53–4, 58, 457n4

persistence hunting, 353–4

reason and, 353–4

scientific skepticism among, 354

violence among, 199, 470n1

See also Hadza people; San people

Huntington, Samuel, 200

Hussein, Leyla, 442–3

Hussein, Saddam, 199, 291, 366, 447

Hutu people, 161

Huxley, Aldous, 418

Ibsen, Henrik, 284

Iceland, 171, 475n30

ideas

democracy as, 206

as historical forces, 347, 349–50, 405, 443, 448

and infectious disease improvement, 67

language and communication of, 27

as patterns in matter, 22

identity politics, 31, 342, 375

identity-protective cognition

blue lies and, 358–9

cognitive dissonance and, 377

institutions of reason as mitigating, 27–8, 376–7

media and intellectuals and, 366–7