Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

Dryden, John, 407–8

D’Souza, Dinesh, 427

Duarte, José, 373

Du Bois, W. E. B., 447

Dylan, Bob, 341

ear and hearing, 18, 20–21

earthquake deaths, 187, 188

East Africa, famine in, 73

East Asia

education in, 236–8, 237–8

emancipative values in, 227, 227

interstate combat reduced in, 158

secularization and, 436, 489n68

undernourishment in, 72

Easterbrook, Gregg, 292, 457n29

Easterlin paradox, 263, 268–9, 270–71

Easterlin, Richard, 263, 268–9

Eastern Europe, 90, 200, 201, 236–7, 237, 271

Ebola, 307

ecomodernism, 32, 122–4, 134–6, 154–5

economic inequality, 97–120

absolute vs. relative inequality, 103, 114

anonymous vs. longitudinal data, 112–13, 114–15

conflation with poverty, 98–9

conflation with unfairness, 101–2

destructive events reducing, 106–7

economic stagnation and, 328–9

Gini, 98, 103, 109, 115, 118, 461n4, 467n12

Gini indexes for consumption, 117–18

global and international, 103–5, 104–5

government role in ameliorating, 119

graduated income tax and, 107

happiness stagnation of U.S. and, 272

homicide rates and, 170–71, 467n12

and individual psychology, 99–102

Kuznets curve, inequality vs. time, 103–6, 110, 111

lower classes not worse off, 114–18, 116

lower middle classes and, 112, 113, 118–19, 339, 340

as political issue, 97

rise of, beginning about 1980, 110–113, 111

social spending and, 107–110, 115–16, 116

Spirit Level theory of effects of, 100–101

theoretical basis for, 102–3

and theory of social comparison, 99–100

Trump and, 335

zero-sum thinking about, 99

economics

comparative advantage, 92

demonetization, 332–3

and infectious disease improvements, 67

information tech confounding measures, 332–3

populist elections not determined by, 339, 340

See also capitalism; commerce; consumer products; economic inequality; economic stagnation; GDP; globalization; Great Recession; Gross World Product; Kuznets curve; paradox of value; poverty; productivity; social spending; wealth

economic stagnation, 328–33

Eddington, Arthur, 16–17

Edison, Thomas, 252

education

basic educational attainment, 236–8, 237

and child labor, end of, 230–31

compulsory, 231, 234

cost of, 118

critical thinking and debiasing instruction, 377–9

democracy and peace dividend from, 235

distance learning, 238, 331

Enlightenment values and, 234, 235–6

and escape from poverty, 234

formal schools, development of, 233–4

future of, 331

of girls and women, 235, 239–40, 239, 473n27

and global well-being, 245–6, 246, 473n45

as human right, 234

and IQ scores, global rise in, 242, 245

modern economies and requirements of, 118

online courses, 238, 260, 331

population peak and, 238

preschool programs, 239

religions meddling in, 234

school readiness, improvements in, 239

secularization and, 435–6, 438

substandard, 118

Trump and, 335, 339

utilitarianism and, 417

See also literacy; university and college education

Effective Altruism, 119, 381, 403, 462n69

Egalitarian Revolution, 107

Ehrlich, Paul, 64, 74, 366, 465n76

Einstein, Albert, 308, 309

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 280

Eisner, Manuel, 169, 171, 174

Eldering, Grace, 64

electricity, 141, 146–50, 251, 252, 330

Elias, Norbert, 168–9

Elion, Gertrude, 64

Eliot, T. S., 284, 456n10

El Salvador, 85, 86, 158, 172

emancipative values, 224–8

age vs. period vs. cohort effects and, 224–5, 226–7, 227–8, 341–2

environmental protection and, 124

GDP as predictor of, 228

and hierarchy of needs, 224

Knowledge Index as predictor of, 228, 472n45

secularization and, 438

emotions, evaluations of well-being and, 267. See also happiness; well–being, subjective

Encyclopédistes, 353

Enders, John, 64

energy

battery storage of, 146, 150, 330

biomass, 146, 147, 151

deaths caused by various sources of, 146–7

fossil fuels as 86 percent of world’s total, 137

natural gas, 136, 143, 147, 183

new technologies, 330

nuclear, 144–5, 146–50, 330, 465n76

as resisting entropy, 23–4, 32

smart grids, 330

solar and wind, 146, 147, 330

See also coal; food and food security; petroleum

Engels, Friedrich, 103

England

air pollution and, 130

calories available per person, 70, 70

child labor force in, 230, 231, 231

and commerce, embrace of, 84–5

cost of artificial light in, 253, 253, 254

homicide rates in, 169, 170, 171, 171

and literacy, female, 239, 239

poverty workhouses, 79

rights, statement of, 411

romantic militarism of, 165–6

suicide rates in, 278–9, 279

transition, patronage to open economy, 83–4

water pollution and, 130

See also United Kingdom

Enlightenment, the, 7–14

capital punishment and, 210

and consilience, unity of knowledge, 390

criticized as Western, 29–30, 419

defense needed, 4–6, 29, 34–5, 349–50, 451–3

definition of (Kant), 7–8, 289

education and, 234, 235–6

Islamic Enlightenment, movement for, 442–3

Emanuel Macron’s victory speech defending, 339

media pronouncements of failure, 338, 420, 451

non-Western, 29–30, 419, 439, 442–3, 456n2

Obama’s farewell speech crediting, 338, 481n30

opposition to. See counter-Enlightenments

populism not a referendum on, 338–9, 481nn30,32

spirit of commerce, 84

spirit of science, 409

and sympathy, 415

theoconservatism and rejection of, 449