Descriptionary

cenotaph a monument erected in memory of one not buried under it or interred within it.

centry-garth a burial ground.

cinerarium a vault for storing urns containing the ashes of the dead.

crematory a building for incinerating the bodies of the deceased.

crypt an underground vault, usually under a church, used for burials.

cubiculum an underground chamber with wall compartments for the reception of the dead.

effigy a painted or sculpted representation of the deceased on a monument.

ghoul a grave robber.

golgotha any burial place, named after the hill of Calvary, where Jesus was crucified.

lanterne des morts in medieval France, a graveyard towerlike structure and turret serving as a lantern.

mausoleum a large tomb or building housing one or more tombs.

monument any stone, pillar, sculpture, structure, or building erected in memory of the deceased.

mortuary where bodies are prepared for burial or cremation.

necropolis a large cemetery or city of the dead asso­ciated with an ancient city.

ossuary an urn or vault for holding the bones of the dead.

potter's field a cemetery for paupers.

sarcophagus a stone coffin.

septum a low wall surrounding a tomb.

sepulcher a burial vault.

shaft tomb a vertical shaft leading to underground burial chambers.

solium an elaborately sculpted sarcophagus made of marble, used for kings and other important people.

weepers mourning statues placed within or around some tombs.

STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE

Anglo-Saxon architecture prominent in England before the Norman conquest in 1066, characterized by round arches and huge walls.

art deco a decorative "futuristic" style popular in the 1930s, characterized by zigzags, chevrons, and similar geometrical ornamentation typically found on the skyscrapers of the period.

art nouveau decorative style of later 19th-century France and Belgium, characterized by curvilinear design and whiplash lines. Known as Jugendstil in Germany and modernismo in Spain.

Aztec from the Indian people of central Mexico, an architecture characterized by pyramids and temples dedicated to the gods.

baroque European style prominent between 1550 and the early 1700s characterized by oval spaces, curved surfaces, elaborate decoration, sculpture, and color.

Byzantine architecture of the eastern Roman Empire from the fourth century to the Middle Ages, largely in Greece, and characterized by large domes, round arches, and elaborate columns.

classical architecture of Hellenic Greece and impe­rial Rome, the five orders of which are Corinthian, Doric, Ionic, Tuscan, and Composite.

colonial any architectural style borrowed by an overseas colony from the motherland, such as the transplantation of English Georgian to North Amer­ica in the 18th century.

Dutch colonial Dutch style of architecture trans­planted to America and particularly New York State in the 17th century, characterized by gambrel roofs and overhanging eaves.

Egyptian from the third millennium b.c. to the Roman period, a style characterized by temples, pyra­mids, and funeral monuments.

flamboyant style in the 15th century, a phase of French Gothic architecture characterized by tracery with the appearance of dancing flames.

Georgian prominent in 18th-century Britain and North America, a style derivative of classical, Renais­sance, and baroque forms.

Gothic prominent in western Europe from the 12th to the 15th centuries, characterized by pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses.

Islamic (also known as Muslim) an architectural style originating around the Mediterranean and spreading as far as India and China, characterized by round and horseshoe arches, domes, tunnel vaults, and geometric ornamentation.

Japanese from the 5 th century a.d. and borrowing from Chinese style, a largely wood timber architec­ture characterized by pavilion-like and pagoda-like buildings.

Maya dating from approximately a.d. 600 to 900, the architecture of the Indian people of Mexico, Gua­temala, and Honduras, characterized by temples, pyramids, plazas, and similar structures, with most buildings raised high on platforms.

Renaissance from the 14th through the 16th centu­ries and developed in Italy, derivative of the classical orders.

revival any style reviving or deriving from another earlier style.

rococo developed largely in 18th-century France, the final phase of baroque, characterized by florid or elaborate ornamentation intended to produce a delicate effect.

Romanesque begun in early 11th-century western Europe and borrowing from Roman and Byzantine forms, a style characterized by massive walls, round arches, and powerful vaults.

WINDMILLS