Читаем Descriptionary полностью

reagent any compound, mixture, or substance, other than a solvent or catalyst, added to another substance to test for chemical reaction in order to expose the presence or absence of a specific chemical. Also known as a reactant.

rectify to refine or purify by distillation.

reversible reaction a chemical reaction that can produce a product that may be reverted back to its original constituents.

solute that which gets dissolved when immersed in a solvent.

solution a homogeneous mixture.

solvent any substance, usually liquid, with the abil­ity to dissolve other substances.

sorption absorption of a gas by a solid.

stoichiometry the study of the relationships of the volumes of substances and reactants in a chemi­cal reaction, used to calculate how much of various chemicals will be needed to make a final product.

sublimation the process through which a solid turns into a gas without first turning into a liquid, the best example being dry ice.

suspension any solution in which particles have not dissolved.

synthesize to combine two or more elements in order to create a new substance.

titration an analysis to determine the concentration or volume of a reactant.

valency the power within an element to combine with others, measured by its ability to combine or displace atoms. A variant of valence.

volatile any unstable substance that can change rapidly from a solid to a vapor. Also, unstable, as an adjective.

zymergy the chemistry involved in the fermentation process, as in the making of beer or wine.

comets

aphelion the point of a comet's orbit farthest from the Sun.

coma the cloud of diffuse gas and fine particles that surrounds and obscures a comet's nucleus.

dust tail a relatively short, curving tail with a high silica content that, reflected by sunlight, gives off a yellowish hue. Also known as a type-II comet.

elliptical orbit an orbit that traces the path of an ellipse.

exotic ice small components of comet ice made from methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, or another nonwater source.

fireballs fiery meteors that crash to Earth and are frequently mistaken for comets.

flourescence the radiating of blue fluorescent light from electrically charged monoxide molecules in a comet's coma.

gegenschein "counterglow"; the faint, eerie glow seen in the sky exactly opposite from where the Sun has set, caused by reflected light from a huge ring of cometal debris enveloping the Sun. Same as the zodiacal light but seen in the opposite side of the sky.

hyperbolic comet a distant comet that follows a hyperbolic orbit.

ion tail a long, straight tail colored blue by electri­cally charged molecules absorbing blue light from the Sun and reradiating it to Earth. Also known as a type-I comet.

long-period comet a comet that takes centuries to complete its orbit.

nucleus the ball of dirty ice at the center of a comet.

Oort cloud a vast, unseen repository of more than 1 trillion comets surrounding the Sun at a distance of 50,000 astronomical units.

English Equivalent

Andromeda Eagle

Charioteer Herdsman Giraffe

Hunting Dogs

Cassiopeia

Cepheus

Berenice's Hair

Northern Crown

Swan

Dolphin

Dragon

Foal

Hercules

Sea Serpent or Monster

Lizard

Little Lion

Lynx

Lyre

perihelion the nearest point to the Sun in a comet's orbit.

perturbation a disturbance in the orbit of a comet by the gravity force from a nearby planet or other large body.

rocket effect the melting and vaporizing of comet ice, forming jets of gas and a rocketing effect that dis­turbs the orbital path of the comet.

short-period comet a comet that completes its orbit every few years.

type-I comet see ion tail.

type-II comet see dust tail.

zodiacal light same as gegenschein but seen in the opposite side of the sky, above where the Sun has set.

constellations

Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere

Latin Name

Andromeda Aquila Auriga Bodtes

Camelopardalis

Canes Venactici

Cassiopeia

Cepheus

Coma Berenices

Corona Borealis

Cygnus

Delphinus

Draco

Equuleus

Hercules

Hydra

Lacerta

Leo Minor

Lynx

Lyra

Ophiuchus Pegasus Perseus Sagitta

Serpent Bearer Pegasus Perseus Arrow

Serpent Triangle

English Equivalent

Air Pump

Bird of Paradise

Altar

Sculptor's Tool

Greater Dog

Lesser Dog

Keel

Centaur

Whale

Chameleon

Compasses

Dove

Southern Crown

Crow

Cup

Southern Cross

Swordfish

River

Furnace

Crane

Clock

Water Snake

Indian

Hare

Wolf

Table

Microscope Unicorn Southern Fly Square Octant

Orion (the Hunter) Peacock Phoenix Painter Southern Fish Poop (deck of Argo) Mariner's Compass Net

Sculptor

Great Bear (Big Dipper) Little Bear (Little Dipper) Fox

Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere

Latin Name

Перейти на страницу:

Похожие книги

Агония и возрождение романтизма
Агония и возрождение романтизма

Романтизм в русской литературе, вопреки тезисам школьной программы, – явление, которое вовсе не исчерпывается художественными опытами начала XIX века. Михаил Вайскопф – израильский славист и автор исследования «Влюбленный демиург», послужившего итоговым стимулом для этой книги, – видит в романтике непреходящую основу русской культуры, ее гибельный и вместе с тем живительный метафизический опыт. Его новая книга охватывает столетний период с конца романтического золотого века в 1840-х до 1940-х годов, когда катастрофы XX века оборвали жизни и литературные судьбы последних русских романтиков в широком диапазоне от Булгакова до Мандельштама. Первая часть работы сфокусирована на анализе литературной ситуации первой половины XIX столетия, вторая посвящена творчеству Афанасия Фета, третья изучает различные модификации романтизма в предсоветские и советские годы, а четвертая предлагает по-новому посмотреть на довоенное творчество Владимира Набокова. Приложением к книге служит «Пропащая грамота» – семь небольших рассказов и стилизаций, написанных автором.

Михаил Яковлевич Вайскопф

Языкознание, иностранные языки