Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life

INNER ENDS OF EYEBROWS RAISED, CORNERS OF MOUTH DEPRESSED, FRANTIC MOVEMENTS, MOTIONLESS, HEAD HANGS, EYELIDS DROOP, ROCK TO AND FRO, FACE PALE, MUSCLES FLACCID, EYELIDS DROOP, CONTRACTED CHEST, TEARS, OBLIQUE EYEBROWS, DEEP SIGHS, BEAT HANDS, EYELIDS DROP        

GUILT        

GAZE AVERSION, SHIFTY EYES, GRIMACE        

HORROR        

BODY TURNED AWAY, SHRINKING, ARMS PROTRUDING, SHOULDERS RAISED, ARMS PRESSED AGAINST CHEST, SHUDDER, DEEP INSPIRATION/EXPIRATION, SHUT EYES, SHAKE HEAD        

INDIGNANCE, DEFIANCE        

FROWN, BODY ERECT, HEAD ERECT, SQUARE SHOULDERS, CLENCH FISTS        

ILL TEMPER        

FURROWED BROW, NOSE WRINKLE, LIP CORNERS PULLED DOWN        

NEGATION        

HEAD THRUST BACK        

OBSTINATENESS        

MOUTH FIRMLY CLOSED, LOWERED BROW, SLIGHT FROWN        

PAIN        

WRITHE ABOUT, PIERCING CRIES, GROANS, LIPS COMPRESSED, RETRACTED, TEETH CLENCHED, WILD STARE, PERSPIRATION, FURROWED BROW, NOSTRILS DILATED, PROFUSE SWEATING, PALLOR, UTTER PROSTRATION, EYES CLOSED, SQUARE MOUTH (LIPS CONTRACTED), COMPRESSION OF EYEBALL, MUSCLE AROUND EYES CONTRACTED, PYRAMIDAL MUSCLE CONTRACTS, UPPER LIP RAISED, NOSTRILS NARROWED, SCALP/FACE/EYES REDDENED, INSPIRATION, SOBBING, LACHRYMAL GLAND SQUEEZED, LAUGHTER, TEARS        

PERPLEXED        

SCRATCH HEAD, RUB EYES        

RAGE        

UNCOVERED TEETH, HAIR BRISTLE, FACE REDDENS, CHEST HEAVES, NOSTRILS DILATED, QUIVER, TREMBLE, TEETH CLENCHED, RESPIRATION LABORED, FRANTIC GESTURES, VEINS ON FOREHEAD/NECK DISTENDED, BODY ERECT, BENT FORWARD, ROLL ON GROUND AND KICKING, SCREAMING (CHILDREN), FURROWED BROW, GLARE, PROTRUDING LIPS, RETRACTED LIPS, TOSS ARMS ABOUT, SHAKE FIST, HISSING        

RESIGNATION        

OPEN HANDS, ONE OVER OTHER, ON LOWER PART OF BODY        

SADNESS        

CORNER MOUTH DEPRESSED, INNER CORNER EYEBROWS RAISED        

SNEER, SNARL        

CORNER OF LIP OVER TEETH RAISED        

SHAME        

BLUSH, HEAD AVERTED, HEAD DOWN, EYES WAVERING, EYES DOWN/AWAY, TURN BODY AWAY, FACE AWAY, BLINKING EYELIDS, TEARS        

SULKY        

POUT, PROTRUDE LIPS, FROWNING, LIFT SHOULDER AND JERK IT AWAY        

TERROR (INTENSE FEAR)        

PALLOR, NOSTRILS FLARE, GASPING, GULPING, PROTRUDING EYEBALLS, PUPILS DILATED, HANDS CLENCHED/OPENED, ARMS PROTRUDED, SWEAT, PROSTRATION, BODY RELAXED, EYEBROW CORNERS TIGHTENED AND RAISED, UPPER EYELIDS RAISED, LIP CORNERS PULLED SIDEWAYS, BRISTLING OF HAIR, LOSS OF HAIR COLOR        

WEAKNESS, IMPOTENCE APOLOGY        

SHOULDER SHRUG, INWARD TURN OF ELBOWS, HANDS EXTENDED WITH PALMS OPEN, EYEBROWS RAISED        

POSITIVE EMOTION                

ADMIRATION        

EYES OPENED, EYEBROWS RAISED, EYES BRIGHT, SMILE        

AFFIRMATION        

NOD HEAD, OPEN EYES WIDELY        

ASTONISHMENT        

EYES OPEN, MOUTH OPEN, EYEBROWS RAISED, HANDS PLACED OVER MOUTH        

CONTEMPLATION        

FROWN, WRINKLE SKIN UNDER LOWER EYELIDS, EYES DIVERGENT, HEAD DROOPS, HANDS TO FOREHEAD, MOUTH, OR CHIN, THUMB/INDEX FINGER TO LIP        

DETERMINATION        

FIRMLY CLOSED MOUTH, ARMS FOLDED ACROSS BREAST, SHOULDERS RAISED        

DEVOTION (REVERENCE)        

FACE UPWARDS, EYELIDS UPTURNED, FAINTING, PUPILS UPWARDS AND INWARDS, HUMBLING KNEELING POSTURE, HANDS UPTURNED        

HAPPINESS        

EYES SPARKLE, SKIN UNDER EYES WRINKLED, MOUTH DRAWN BACK AT CORNERS        

HIGH SPIRITS, CHEERFULNESS        

SMILE, BODY ERECT, HEAD UPRIGHT, EYES OPEN, EYEBROWS RAISED, EYELIDS RAISED, NOSTRILS RAISED, EATING GESTURES (RUBBING BELLY), AIR SUCK, LIP SMACKS        

JOY        

MUSCLE TREMBLE, PURPOSELESS MOVEMENTS, LAUGHTER, CLAPPING HANDS, JUMPING, DANCING ABOUT, STAMPING, CHUCKLE/GIGGLE, SMILE, MUSCLE AROUND EYES CONTRACTED, UPPER LIP RAISED        

LAUGHTER        

TEARS, DEEP INSPIRATION, CONTRACTION OF CHEST, SHAKING OF BODY, HEAD NODS TO AND FRO, LOWER JAW QUIVERS UP/DOWN, LIP CORNERS DRAWN BACKWARD, HEAD THROWN BACKWARD, SHAKES, HEAD/FACE RED, MUSCLE AROUND EYES CONTRACTED, LIP PRESS/BITE        

LOVE        

BEAMING EYES, SMILING CHEEKS, TOUCH, GENTLE SMILE, PROTRUDING LIPS (IN CHIMPS), KISSING, NOSE RUBS        

MATERNAL LOVE        

TOUCH, GENTLE SMILE, TENDER EYES        

PRIDE        

HEAD, BODY ERECT, LOOK DOWN ON OTHERS        

ROMANTIC LOVE        

BREATHING HURRIED, FACE FLUSHED        

SURPRISE        

EYEBROWS RAISED, MOUTH OPEN, EYES OPEN, LIPS PROTRUDED, EXPIRATION, BLOWING/HISSING, OPEN HANDS HIGH ABOVE HEAD, PALMS TOWARD PERSON WITH STRAIGHTENED FINGERS, ARMS BACKWARDS        

TENDERNESS (SYMPATHY)        

TEARS

Here amid Darwin’s precise observations, one learns that we cough when embarrassed. Darwin notes subtle distinctions in the displays of admiration and devotion. He reveals that we close our eyes when describing horrors and raise our eyebrows when remembering. When feeling resigned, we rest one open hand upon another on a lower part of our bodies. In a burst of high spirits we just might get caught rubbing our bellies or smacking our lips. Images of friends and family burst into our minds when we read Darwin’s descriptions: Confusion is a stammer, grimace, and twitching of facial muscles (my colleagues at faculty meetings); defiance is expressed in the frown, erect body and head, square shoulders, and clenched fists (my daughters when asked to leave a play date).