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??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????, ??? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????-????, ??? ??? ???????? 1929 ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??????????????, ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ????????? ? ???? ??? "???????????". ????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????: ?????? ??? ?? ????? – ?????? ???????, ??? ? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????????, ???????, ?????????; ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????????, ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ??? ??????? – ????????????, ??? ?????? – ?????????.

???? ??? ???? ?????????, ??? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ? ?????????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ????????? ??? ? ??????????????, ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??????????????.

?? ????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????, ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????, ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??????????: ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???. ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ?? 20?? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? – ?????. ??? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ???????????. ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????????? ? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????-???-???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????.

?? ????????? ??? ?????????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? – ??????????????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????. ??? 1856, ??? ????????, ??? ??? ???????????? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????-?????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???.

???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????.

??? ???? ????????? "????????" ????????????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???, ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??????????.

??? 40-50 ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???-??????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???. ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????-????? ??? ???????? ???????. ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????. ???-??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???, ??????, ???????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???, ? ???? ????? ????????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.

???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? 1924 ??? ????-??????, ???? ?? ??????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????-????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? 5 ?????? ??? ?????: ??? ???? ??? ???-????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ???, ??????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????????????, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????????, ???? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? (????—??????). ??? ????, ??? 1960, ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? 250-300 ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????????. ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ? ???!

?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????????. ? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? – ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???. ??? ????, ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????????? (???? ????? ???? ???????).